General anesthesia is a medically induced state of unconsciousness used during surgical procedures to ensure that patients feel no pain, have no awareness, and remain completely still. It is administered through intravenous (IV) medications, inhaled gases, or a combination of both, depending on the type and length of the procedure.

Under general anesthesia, a patient is in a deep sleep-like state with no sensation or memory of the surgery. The process is carefully monitored by an anesthesiologist or nurse anesthetist, who adjusts the dosage to maintain the proper level of unconsciousness and ensure vital functions like breathing, heart rate, and blood pressure remain stable. In most cases, a breathing tube or mask is used to assist with respiration during the procedure.

General anesthesia is commonly used for major surgeries such as open-heart surgery, joint replacements, and abdominal procedures. While generally safe, it carries some risks, such as nausea, dizziness, sore throat, and, in rare cases, allergic reactions or complications in high-risk patients. Recovery varies, with most patients regaining full alertness within a few hours.

Before surgery, patients must follow fasting guidelines and disclose medical history to minimize complications and ensure a safe anesthesia experience.