Dehiscence is a medical condition in which a surgical wound reopens after being stitched or closed. It can occur partially, where only the outer layers separate, or completely, where the wound opens through all layers, exposing underlying tissues or organs. Surgical wound dehiscence is a serious complication that can lead to infection, delayed healing, and further medical intervention.

Common causes of dehiscence include infection, excessive tension on the wound, poor blood supply, obesity, diabetes, malnutrition, or excessive movement at the surgical site. Patients who strain their bodies through coughing, heavy lifting, or sudden movements are at higher risk. In severe cases, especially in abdominal surgeries, evisceration may occur, where internal organs protrude through the wound, requiring emergency medical attention.

Symptoms of wound dehiscence include increased pain, swelling, redness, drainage of fluid or pus, and visible separation of the wound edges. Treatment depends on severity and may involve wound cleaning, antibiotics, re-suturing, negative pressure wound therapy, or surgery in extreme cases.
To prevent dehiscence, patients should follow post-surgical care instructions, avoid strenuous activity, keep the wound clean, maintain a healthy diet, and manage underlying health conditions to promote proper healing.