The gallbladder concentrates and stores bile as a pear-shaped sac which it can release to help digestion after a fatty meal.
One of the major breakthroughs in the world of surgery is the use of robotics, especially in the field of minimally invasive surgeries. Robotic surgery, computer-assisted surgery and robotically assisted surgery have allowed for increased precision, easier access to the surgical area, and a timelier surgery and recovery period.
The most commonly used surgical robots are operated by telemanipulation, which uses a computer to give the robotic system instructions. Originally, the telesurgery robots were conceived with the help of DARPA and NASA to allow remote surgeries in remote environments, but have since been found more effective for minimally invasive surgeries. Further development of the robotic surgery field is expected to come out of artificial intelligence and miniature robotics research, currently conducted by the leaders in the medical, computer science and defense industries.
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A robotic myotomy is complete when transillumination with a gastroscope (a scope placed through the mouth and passed down the esophagus) demonstrates that the mucosa is bulging without the hypertrophic tissue causing an obstruction.
Prior to performing an anterior fundoplication during a myotomy, the surgeon performs a leak test using insufflation of air with a gastroscope. The absence of any bubbles confirms that the mucosa is intact.
This photo demonstrates what the robot looks like during a robotic procedure. The arms are draped in sterile plastic which hang over the location of the operation. The blue lights at the ends of the instruments provide information as to the status of the instrument function.
A piece of Bard Allomax mesh is used to buttress the repair of the hiatus during a paraesophageal hernia repair. Looking carefully, one can appreciate that the tips of the robotic instruments are at 90 degree angles to the shaft of the instruments. This angulation is not optimal with typical…